Gurpal Virdi, MD

Publications

Research

Peer-reviewed research on EVO ICL sizing, vault prediction, and outcomes — the science behind the AI sizing tools I build.

Peer-reviewed articles

Featured data: vault is dynamic

From Dynamic Changes in ICL Vault and Anterior Chamber Angle Under Varying Lighting Conditions (Clinical Ophthalmology, 2026), where we imaged 100 post-ICL eyes under scotopic, mesopic, and photopic lighting. The finding underpins how I approach sizing: vault is a physiologic range, not a fixed micron target — so the goal is best fit for the individual eye.

Box plot of ICL vault in microns across scotopic, mesopic, and photopic lighting, showing mean vault falling from about 496 to 394 microns as lighting brightens.
Vault by lighting. Mean vault dropped from 495.6 µm (dark) to 393.8 µm (bright) — a ~100 µm swing in the same eye (p < 0.0001).
Box plot of anterior chamber angle in degrees across scotopic, mesopic, and photopic lighting, showing the angle widening in brighter light.
Angle by lighting. The anterior chamber angle widened from 27.2° to 29.7° under bright light — vault and angle track with pupil size.
Scatter plot showing eyes with higher mean vault also have greater vault variability across lighting.
Higher vaults vary more. Variability rose with mean vault (ρ = 0.395, p < 0.0001): the highest vaults are also the least stable.
Scatter plot showing only a weak relationship between ICL power and vault variability.
Power barely matters. ICL power had only a weak effect (ρ = −0.224); vault is driven by lens size, haptic position, and sulcus anatomy.

Conference presentations

Educational articles

More from this work: the research is applied in ICL Fit (AI ICL sizing) and IOL Reference; explained for patients at ICLSurgery.com/research; and listed in full on the CV.

Citations are provided for transparency and education. A publication is not medical advice.